The Present and Future of ITER

Norbert Holtkamp
Principal Deputy Director General, ITER Organization

Since the set-up of the ITER top management during previous summer and the signature of the Joint ITER agreement on November 21, 2006 the ITER organization is in a rapid build up.

Starting from the existing design the seven parties under the leadership of the team in Cadarache in France, which is the chosen joint work site, started the site implantation and began construction.

With 90% of the components of ITER being contributed “in kind”, ITER is not only technically challenging but also a large scale experiment on the future of international collaborations and their ability to succeed.

The present status and future plans will be presented.

Mr. Holtkamp has an M.S. equivalent degree in physics from the University of Berlin and a Ph.D. in physics from the Technical University in Darmstadt (both in Germany). His research interests include high-energy colliders, linear accelerators, storage rings, synchrotron radiation sources, and accelerator-based neutrino physics. He has served on a variety of review committees, dealing with technical, cost schedule and planning issues on Linear Colliders, Neutrino Factories and Neutrino beams, Synchrotron Radiation and XFEL designs as well as high energy colliders. More recently also Plasma Physics and Fusion Science. Mr. Holtkamp serves on several program and advisory boards and was a member of the last HEPAP subpanel on long-range planning in high-energy physics As well as the National Academy of Science panel on Elementary Particle Physics 2010. He chaired the Particle Accelerator Conference in 2005 and the Linac Conference in 2006. Until July 2006 Mr. Holtkamp was the director of the Accelerator Systems Division for Spallation Neutron Source at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, which is a Pulsed Neutron Source based on a 1 GeV H- linac and an accumulator ring that can provide between 1-3 MW of average beam power. The facility was under construction between 1999 and 2006. Before his assignment to SNS (1992-1998), Mr. Holtkamp was a senior staff member at DESY (Hamburg, Germany). In that position he was responsible for operation of the injector linacs and for a research and development program for a normal conducting linear collider (S-Band), which included the construction and operation of a 400 MeV electron test linac. After joining Fermilab (1998-2001), Mr. Holtkamp led a multi-laboratory study on the technical feasibility of an intense neutrino source based on a muon storage ring and was involved in the commissioning of the main injector at Fermilab.

Since April 1st 2006 Norbert Holtkamp is the Principle Deputy Director General Nominee of the ITER project located in Cadarache (France). He is responsible for the construction part of ITER and the technical coordination of a seven party collaboration building the worlds largest tokamak with a total value of approximately 5 Billion Euro.

J-PARC and International Linear Collider

Masakazu Yoshioka
Professor of KEK, Inter-University Research Institute Corporation, J-PARC Project Office

KEK is an international frontier research institute and has been producing many outstanding results. KEK is in a transition period for the next few years in research activities as follows;

1. The J-PARC (Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex) project at Tokai Campus, which is the joint KEK/JAEA project, will be completing construction of its accelerators in JFY 2008 and the commissioning of the physics program will start in JFY2009. The J-PARC will be the new place for researches on particles, nuclei, and material and life science. On the other hands, KEK 12 GeV Proton Synchrotron, which was the place for these activities, terminated its 30 years-long operation after producing tremendous fruitful results including K2K, long base-line neutrino oscillation experiment. All these activities will move from Tsukuba to Tokai campus in near future.
   
   
2. Asymmetric energy electron-positron colliding-beam accelerator (KEKB) in Tsukuba Campus has been fully utilized since 1999, as a successor of TRISTAN project, taking an advantage of world highest luminosity of 1.7118 E34/cm²/s. The total integrated luminosity delivered for BELLE collaboration exceeds 700/fb. Recent highlight of the KEKB accelerator is the test run of the crab-crossing scheme using superconducting crab cavities. Now extensive studies and R&Ds are carried out for Super KEKB, which will be a successor of KEKB.
   
   
3. In the same time, we start various R&D efforts for future research projects, such as International Linear Collider project (ILC) and the next synchrotron radiation project, Energy Recovery Linac (ERL), to stay on a leading role in worldwide researches. Extensive R&D efforts for ILC are organized under GDE and Asian-regional GDE collaborating with not only many institutes and universities in Japan and other countries but industries. Accelerator Test Facility, ATF, and Superconducting RF technology Test Facility, STF, are used and constructed as bases for the R&D works of ILC, respectively. The second phase of ATF, which is so called ATF2, is under construction with international scheme, which is a miniature of ILC scheme.
   
   

First, I will present about the J-PARC project, recent status of its accelerator construction, and technical issues to be overcome to achieve the goal. Then, I will introduce the recent R&D activities on ILC in Japan and Asian countries. Finally, I would like to mention briefly about the history of the accelerator science in Japan after the WWII, and how we should reproduce these activities in the next generation.

SPring-8 and XFEL: Leading Facilities for the Photon Science Research in Japan

Hiromichi Kamitsubo
Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute and RIKEN

SPring-8, the world’s largest 3rd generation X-ray storage ring, has been in routine operation after the commissioning in 1997. At that time only ten beamlines were commissioned and open to general users. After that, the number of beamlines increases from 10 to 49 and the number of users reaches to 5000 in 2006. The SPring-8 beamlines are categorized into four groups; public beamlines, contract beamlines, RIKEN beamlines and accelerator beam diagnostic beamlines. There are 25 public beamlines in operation; 22 X-ray beamlines, two soft X-ray beamlines, and one infrared beamline, and all of them are for public use under the management of JASRI. On the other hand, the RIKEN and contract beamlines are operated for exclusive use by RIKEN and by individual contractors, respectively.

SPring-8 consists of an injector linear accelerator, a booster synchrotron and a low-emittance storage ring. It has been constructed and improved along the following guideline for SPring-8 design, the keywords of which are following; (1) wider range of photon energy, (2) lower beam emittance, (3) better beam stability and (4) capabilities for future improvements. In the past ten years the performance of SPring-8 has been improved along the guideline and as the results SPring-8 becomes the leading facility for the photon science research. Details of the latest light source performance will be introduced in my talk.

In general, proposals of experiments at public beamlines are submitted to and reviewed by Proposal Review Committee (PRC) twice a year. However there are proposals on the priority research program under JASRI. It consists of three groups; priority field proposals, power user proposals and strategy proposals. In addition to those Budding Researches Proposals are also accepted to encourage graduate students to come up with innovative ideas. Categories of the proposals will be discussed in more details.

In my talk I will introduce state-of-the-art beamlines and to show results of researches by academic and industrial researchers as many as possible.

In 2001 RIKEN started the R&D program to develop the key components for the XFEL (X-ray free electron laser). Under this program an electron injector which generates low emittance and high peak-current electron beam, a precise beam position monitor and a stable support system for equipment. Then in 2004 and 2005, they constructed the “SCCS (SPring-8 Compact SASE Source) test accelerator” to check the quality of developed hardware components, and to demonstrate SASE (Self Amplification of Spontaneous Emission) FEL at a soft X-ray wavelength. The SCCS consists of newly developed injector, a high gradient C-band accelerator and a short period in-vacuum undulator. In November 2005, the first spontaneous light was observed at the visible to 100 nm wavelength.

In parallel with SCCS construction the design work of the SASE XFEL was put forward and SASE XFEL project was proposed to the Government. The proposal was accepted and construction of X-ray FEL started in FY2006 on Harima Campus of RIKEN. It consists of low emittance injector, high-gradient 8 GeV C-band accelerator of 400m long and an undulator section of 80 m long. The FEL machine will be constructed next to the 1 km beamline of Spring-8 and XFEL operation is expected to start in 2010.

Kaye Husbands
Science Advisor for Science of Science Policy, National Science Foundation

The presentation of Dr. Husbands will focus on The National Science Foundation’s Science of Science and Innovation Policy (SciSIP) activities. SciSIP develops the foundations of an evidence-based platform from which policymakers and researchers may assess the impacts of the nation’s scientific and engineering enterprise, and improve their understanding of its dynamics and predict outcomes. Specifically, data collection, research and community development components of SciSIP’s activities will: (1) improve and expand science metrics, datasets and analytical tools, yielding changes in the bi-annual science and engineering indicators and other data collections; (2) develop usable knowledge and theories of creative processes and their transformation into social and economic outcomes; and (3) develop a community of experts in this area across the Federal government, industry and universities. SciSIP will support the development of new data, models and tools, as well as facilitate transformative research on an immensely policy-relevant topic-the ecology of innovation.

Perspective of Science Policy in Japan

Maki KUBO

Director of Administration Department, JSPS

The Japanese government clearly states its science policy in the 3rd S&T Basic Plan (FY2006-2010). This plan establishes the amount of around 25 trillion yen of the total government expenditure targeted for S&T investment over 5 years. Basic research, human resource development, and strategic international activity are raised as focal points, by specifically stipulating important prioritized fields (life sciences, IT, environmental sciences, nanotechnology and materials), strategic prioritized S&T activities, and key technology of national importance.

In terms of the issue surrounding universities, many programs aiming at reforming universities have been continuously created since converting national universities into independent entities in 2004. In this fiscal year, the Japanese government launched new programs called “Global COE Program”, “Support Program for Improving Graduate School Education” and “World Premier International Research Center Initiative”. JSPS takes charge of the grant selection of these programs.

JSPS is implementing several focal points based on this S&T Basic Plan, including promotion of basic research (Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research), nurturing younger researchers (fellowship programs), and promotion of international exchanges. The future direction of JSPS operation will also be touched upon.